Whale Watching in Washington State in the San Juan Islands

May 6, 2024

Experience a beautiful archipelago off the coast of Washington State that’s bursting with natural splendor

The coast of Orca Island in the San Juan Islands. Bureau of Land Management, CC0

Only an hour and a half by ferry from the coast of Seattle, Washington, the San Juan Islands are an incredible destination for any wilderness-seeking wanderers. After only a week, I’d seen dozens of whales and porpoises, and explored miles of the main island both on foot and by bicycle. My friends and I still consider this one of our greatest trips! From whale watching and sea kayaking to hiking and ziplining, these islands provide the perfect “surf-and-turf” nature experience.

The small archipelago is by far most famous for its local orca pods. A rarity in American waters, the Northwest's Gulf of Georgia boasts three local pods that feed primarily on salmon, as well as a traveling pod from Canada that feeds on the local harbor seal population. In addition to the orcas, a wide variety of marine mammals can be spotted both along the shoreline and out in the heart of the Gulf. On our first whale watching tour from the main island my companions and I saw humpback whales, Steller sea lions and a variety of dolphins and porpoises keeping pace with our boat.

The archipelago is made up of four main bodies of land: San Juan, Orcas Island, Lopez Island, and Shaw Island. The first, San Juan, is the largest and most visited island in the chain, and is home to the beautiful town of Friday Harbor. In addition to being the ferry’s main landing point and the heart of the archipelago itself, Friday Harbor is the main hotspot for whale watching tours. The guides provide an excellent experience; ours taught us all about the native marine animals and the history of the islands. We spent most of our time on San Juan during our tour, hiking across the hilly terrain to the south for some amazing views.

A view of Friday Harbor from the balcony of a local restaurant. Image from author. Ryan Livingston

But perhaps the best thing about Friday Harbor is the locals. In particular a harbor seal named Popeye, who likes to spend her mornings floating outside of the dockside restaurants in the hopes of getting some handouts. She’s very friendly, and has become something of a mascot for Friday Harbor!

San Juan is also the site of Lime Kiln Point State Park, which is lauded as one of the best whale watching sites in the world. The park is also a hangout spot for the river otter population around the islands. Lime Kiln Point is also an excellent hiking spot, with a trail leading up to a vintage lighthouse that is the park’s main landmark. This lighthouse provides an excellent view of most of the Gulf.

On the latter half of our trip, my friends and I paid Orcas Island a visit. Known for its rich artistic history, it is known locally as the “Gem of the San Juans.” The coastal towns include a variety of sailing, fishing and whale watching charters, as well as a few sea kayaking companies that give tours of the island and its history. With their friendly and informative tour guides, you’ll wind up learning about everything from jellyfish to the islands’ border disputes back in 1949! Orcas Island is also the site of Moran State Park, an excellent site for hiking, biking, camping and boating on the small lakes situated across the landscape.

The other two islands are well worth visiting, although I wound up spending all of my time on San Juan and Orcas. Lopez Island is by far the least hilly of the four, and as a result has been adapted into a fantastic biking location. With trails all over the island and tons of rental shops to choose from, Lopez is the biker’s dream. In addition, for any eco-minded travelers, a visit to Lopez Island can include a variety of volunteer opportunities, including trash pickup, injured and beached animal rescue training and more.

Finally, we have Shaw, the smallest island in the archipelago and home to the one-of-a-kind Our Lady of the Rock Monastery. Built on living in the same traditional lifestyle as its founders, the nuns tend a sprawling farm that, like the monastery itself, is open to the public. Although it does offer worship sessions, the architecture and rich history are reason enough to visit.

Whether you’re looking for an escape into nature or searching for the elusive mammals of the sea, the San Juan Islands are a uniquely beautiful experience. The best times to visit are between May and August, when the salmon runs are at their highest and orca and porpoise sightings are the most common. Whale watching tours can be booked out of any of the four islands at places like San Juan Excursions, and hotel bookings can range from $157 to around $300 a night in the heart of Friday Harbor. Camping in the various state parks is also an excellent option.

Ryan Livingston

Ryan is a senior at The College of New Jersey, majoring in English and minoring in marketing. Since a young age, Ryan has been passionate about human rights and environmental action and uses his writing to educate wherever he can. He hopes to pursue a career in professional writing and spread his message even further.

10 Must-Read Travel Classics Book List

May 6, 2024

From tales of adventure to memoirs, here are some pages to satisfy wanderlust, whether for the armchair traveler or the seasoned globe-trotter

Reading Traveler. Gauthier Delecroix. CC BY 2.0 DEED.

Books hold a unique allure; they allow their readers to experience journeys across continents, cultures and epochs. By digging into pages written by seasoned explorers, we encounter not only vivid adventures but insights into the boundless diversity of our world. This curated collection of travel books ranges from celebrated works such as the classic "Eat, Pray, Love" and voices that continue to redefine the genre.

In each of these books, the world unfolds, inviting readers to embark on their own journeys, whether on the road or in their imaginations. With glimpses into the art of traveling, let these pages be your passport to discovery.

1. "Bicycle Diaries" by David Byrne

In this captivating exploration of the world through the lens of a bicycle saddle, David Byrne’s offers a distinctive perspective on urban life and culture. As he pedals through cities such as Berlin, Buenos Aires, Istanbul and New York City, he explores the intricacies of urban planning and social dynamics. He is able to paint a portrait of the locale by immersing himself in the rhythm of the streets through the power of the bicycle.

2. "Eat, Pray, Love" by Elizabeth Gilbert

In the classic book about the transformative power of travel, Elizabeth Gilbert chronicles a year-long journey across Italy, India and Indonesia. While she seeks to rediscover herself, Gilbert is immersed in cultures and traditions that show her how to indulge in the pleasures of spirituality and love. Her story intertwines personal growth with the adventures of traveling, inspiring readers to embark on their own quests for self-discovery.

3. "The Slow Road To Tehran" by Rebecca Lowe

This book follows Rebecca Lowe’s solo through Iran, a country that is often misrepresented in Western media. Her narrative is rich with encounters with locals and reflections on the complexities of Iranian society. Through her immersive account of Iran, Lowe challenges stereotypes that perpetuate misunderstandings about Iran, highlighting the potential for travel to bridge cultural divides.

4. "The Catch Me If You Can" by Jessica Nabongo

In this memoir, Nabongo chronicles her quest to become the first black woman to travel to every country. Her adventures offer a glimpse into the diverse cultures and experiences across our globe that illustrates the profound impact of exploration in broadening perspectives. Not only is the transformative nature of travel emphasized, but also Nabongo’s perseverance and courage to explore on her own and embrace the world with open arms, urging readers to embark on their own journeys.

5. "Paris to the Moon" by Adam Gopnik

In this collection of essays, Gopnik recounts his experiences living in Paris with his family during the late 1990s. Through his witty observations and cultural insights he provides a vivid portrait of the City of Light, exploring its charm and timeless allure. Serving as a love letter to the city and a thoughtful narrative on the complexities of expatriate life, it is a must-read for anyone enamored with Paris.

6. "Blue Latitudes" by Tony Horwitz

In this exploration of James Cook’s voyages through the Pacific Ocean in the 18th century, Horwitz immerses himself in the captain's adventures. Through historical research and storytelling he brings Cook’s expeditions to life while also reflecting on their impact on Indigenous peoples. This blend of travelog and history offers readers a compelling journey through time, as they navigate the expanse of the Pacific alongside Cook and come to understand journeys’ implications for the modern world.

7. "Atlas of Vanishing Places" by Travis Elborough

Through vivid and stunning illustrations, Elborough takes readers on a journey to disappearing landscapes, from sinking islands to vanishing cities. While the book highlights the beauty and cultural significance of these places, it also sheds light on the environmental and societal factors that threaten their existence. As an exploration of some of the world’s most fascinating yet endangered locales, it serves as a reminder of the fragility of our planet and the need for conservation efforts to preserve it.

8. "The Vagabond’s Way" by Rolf Potts

Drawing on his experiences of long-term travel, Potts shares practical advice about the philosophy of wandering and art of living on the road. With engaging storytelling and profound insights, readers are encouraged to embrace a life of adventure and curiosity that offers an enriching existence beyond the confines of conventional living. As a guide for anyone seeking to break free of the constraints of routine and embark on a journey of self-discovery, this book is a must-read.

9. Imagine a City by Mark Vanhoenacker

Vanhoenacker paints a picture of cities as living, breathing entities that are shaped by their history and culture. Drawing on his experiences as a pilot, Vanhoenacker offers a unique perspective from above that helps to explore the interconnectedness of cities at large. This thought-provoking ode to the power of urban spaces invites readers to reimagine the cities that they inhabit and encourages greater connection with the world around them.

10. "The Geography of Bliss" by Eric Weiner

In his journey across the globe in search of fulfillment, Weiner uses insightful reflections and wit to explore the cultural and geographical factors that shape our perceptions of happiness. Traversing countries ranging from Switzerland to Bhutan, he discovers that the true essence of happiness lies not in material wealth but in the richness of human connections and purposeful living. Weiner’s book offers a heartwarming exploration of the universal quest for joy that holds important meaning for all of us.

Mira White

Mira is a student at Brown University studying international and public affairs. Passionate about travel and language learning, she is eager to visit each continent to better understand the world and the people across it. In her free time she perfects her French, hoping to someday live in France working as a freelance journalist or in international affairs.

The Last Perfect Reef: Discover the Unspoiled Beauty of Caroline Island

May 1, 2024

Caroline Island can give us a look at what coral reefs used to be years ago.

Aerial view of Caroline Island. The TerraMar Project, CC BY 2.0

One of the saddest truths about global warming is just how much damage it has done to our oceans. Recent estimates have suggested that around 50% of the world’s coral reefs have been bleached or killed in the last 30 years, and up to 90% stand to die off this century. There are almost no unspoiled reefs left anywhere on the planet.

Enter Caroline Island. A small archipelago in the Pacific Ocean owned by the Republic of Kiribati, Caroline Island (also known as Millennium Island) is home to one of the last pristine coral reefs in the world. Close to 100% of the coral is still alive, and fishing is illegal for roughly 12 miles in all directions from its shores.

As a result of these protections the reef has become a nursery for a wide variety of fish species, including the extremely-exploited blacktip reef shark and the critically endangered Napoleon wrasse. Green sea turtles, one of only seven such species on the planet, use the shore of Caroline Island for nesting. The shoreline is also a rich breeding ground for the endangered coconut crab, as well as many species of hermit crab and lizard.

In addition to the beautifully preserved reef, Caroline Island itself has remained largely untouched. The Republic of Kiribati declared all of the island’s animals as protected back in 1979, and various proposals to construct resorts have been summarily dismissed by the government. Recent estimates have suggested that around 90% of the island is still entirely vegetated. This has made Caroline Island and the surrounding islets into crucial hatcheries for many seabird species.

The most surprising part about Caroline Island, however, is that humans actually use the land regularly. Several homesteads have been constructed there, and the island is a prime location for both guano mining and the collection of copra, or coconut meat. Throughout history, the island has changed hands many times (between Portugal, England, Japan, and eventually Kiribati), but very little of the land was actually used.

Tourism to Caroline Island is limited as a result of Kiribati’s focus on protecting the land. Kiribati’s tourism slogan reflects the country's nature-oriented values—in their words, Kiribati is “for travelers, not tourists.” The Kiribati National Tourism Office states that the islands are much more suited to exploration than relaxation—there are no fancy resorts, shops or bars, and the experiences that the islands offer are focused around discovering the natural splendor of some of the last remaining pristine island environments on the planet.

Some of the larger islands do have small hotels and other accommodations, which can be booked through the official Kiribati tourism site. Prices for accommodations vary depending on the season and which island you’re visiting, and most of the experiences available on the islands (such as scuba diving and surfing) can be scheduled by contacting the coordinators of those events directly.

May Day Magic: How Different Countries Celebrate

April 29, 2024

Sixty-six countries around the world recognize May Day, and a variety of different celebrations and traditions can be found throughout Europe.

May Day bouquets. Alyss. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

The roots of May Day are in the Gaelic Beltane Festival and Roman Floralia. In 1891, the first of May also became recognized as International Workers Day. Over the years, May Day festivities have maintained ancient traditions while evolving to include modern activities from picnics to music festivals.

England

Children performing the Maypole Dance. Pete Ashton. CC BY-NC 2.0

England boasts a long history of May Day celebrations. Traditional Maypole dances can still be seen throughout the country. These dances are often performed by children adorned with flowers who hold ribbons connected to the Maypole.

The ribbons create a colorful design as the children dance around the maypole. Said to represent the increase of daylight between the winter and summer months, this tradition is around 600 years old.

Beyond witnessing this traditional dance, history enthusiasts can witness re-enactments of conflict between the Vikings and Saxons at Corfe Castle in Dorset.

Finland

Finnish May Day celebrations are called Vappu, and are celebrated on April 30th and May 1st. During the festivities, travelers can see streets and parks dotted with white hats; these hats are secondary-school graduation caps, which have become a staple of the Vappu celebration.

During Vappu, Finland is incredibly lively, full of parties, picnics, parades and political speeches. These events are accompanied by several traditional delicacies, including Finnish May Day funnel cakes called Tippaleipa, Finnish donuts called Munkki, and a unique kind of mead called Sima.

France

In France, May Day is known to be a day of rest when nearly every business is closed in honor of Labour Day, although flower shops and stands are allowed an exception. This is because Lily of the Valley flowers, called Muguet in French, are a staple May Day tradition.

During the holidays, Lilies of the Valley are exchanged between family and friends as a symbol of good luck. During May Day, French streets are strewn with these flowers as this day marks the only time of the year when people are allowed to sell these flowers on the street without requiring a license or taxation.

Germany

On the eve of May Day, Germans celebrate Walpurgisnacht, a spring festival with a history rooted in witchcraft. This tradition has its origin in the belief that witches celebrate the coming of spring on the summit of Blocksberg Mountain. During Walpurgisnacht, festivalgoers can dance around bonfires and indulge in Maibowle, a punch made up of white and sparkling wines and wild woodruff.

On May Day, parades featuring brass bands make their way through the streets, followed by maypole dances and public gatherings filled with bratwursts and beer. A festival for dark rock and arts has also been celebrated in Leipzig since 1992, drawing goths from around the world.

Greece

May Day has been celebrated in Greece long before its association with Labour Day. Protomagia, the traditional Greek May Day celebration, has been a time for Greeks to celebrate rebirth and honor the dead for centuries.

While traditions vary across regions, many feature lively singing, dancing and rituals. A few of these customs include women singing traditional May Day songs while dancing around bonfires. Children also leap over the bonfires to symbolize the end of winter and banish disease.

Greenery and flowers have long symbolized vivacity and fertility. In preparation, people collect wildflowers from the countryside and create wreaths. These wreaths can be found on balconies and doors across the country, intended to ward off evil. These wreaths are then preserved and tossed into bonfires during the Feast Day of Aghios Ioannis Klidonas on June 24th.

Ireland

Traditionally, Ireland celebrated the Beltane Festival, including Maypoles and May Bushes, which were usually Hawthorn bushes decorated with ribbons and occasionally colored eggshells left over from Easter.

Children in Dublin would wander the streets in search of money, candles or sweets by approaching people and saying “Long Life, a pretty wife, and a candle for the May Bush”.

While these traditions have largely died out, travelers can still find bonfires in counties like Clare and Limerick. Partygoers celebrate throughout the country, enjoying the holiday with family and friends.

Italy

May Day Concert, 2008. Gniliep. CC BY 2.0

For May Day, Italy hosts the largest free music event in Europe. The May Day Concert in Rome's Piazza San Giovanni in Laterano began in 1990 and has drawn thousands of people every year since. At this event, travelers can experience live music and street events.

Beyond the May Day Concert, Italians and visitors alike use the holiday as an opportunity to soak up the sun and indulge in Italy’s rich culture. Italy has many beaches, such as Salento, where people can celebrate the coming of spring along the water. People also flock to San Gimignano, home to incredible wine, architecture, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site at the city center.

Scotland

Performers at the Beltane Fire Festival, 2009. Martin Robertson. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Scotland is another destination where the Beltane Festival is celebrated. Since the 1980s, traditional Beltane celebrations have been revived with modern additions.

One of the most prominent celebrations occurs on April 30th in Edinburgh. Every year, around 10,000 people from around the world are drawn to the Beltane Fire Festival. During the festival, a procession filled with drums travels through the streets, led by traditional May Day characters like the Green Man and the May Queen.

Following the procession, there is a three-hour stage performance which is concluded by the lighting of a bonfire. At the festival, visitors have the opportunity to immerse themselves in the traditional performances and support local businesses

Madison Paulus

Madison is a student at George Washington University studying international affairs, journalism, mass communication, and Arabic. Born and raised in Seattle, Washington, Madison grew up in a creative, open-minded environment. With passions for human rights and social justice, Madison uses her writing skills to educate and advocate. In the future, Madison hopes to pursue a career in science communication or travel journalism.

Egypt’s Time Capsule: The Fayoum Oasis

April 23, 2024

A desert adventure that revealed millions of years of history and culture in just one day.

Before the pyramids there were whales, and beyond Cairo there are waterfalls. Once a bounty of prehistoric life, the Fayoum Oasis in Wadi El-Rayan remains rich in resources, culture and history. Cascading water appears as if from nowhere, and dunes and ancient rock rise up to frame the entrance to Wadi El-Hitan, “Whale Valley,” where fossils litter the paths revealing the evolutionary development of massive marine creatures. Describing the region feels like creating an imaginary world for a fantasy novel, yet during my trip there in January 2023, I discovered it to be supremely real and of unique significance in the environmental and cultural memory of Egypt.

The heart-shaped basin spans over 500 square miles and holds stories dating back millions of years. The oasis began forming following the mass drying up of the Mediterranean Sea during the late Miocene period. When the crisis ended and the sea refilled the Nile River ultimately flooded and water flowed into the basin via the Bahr Youssef, transforming the desert expanse into a region of lush vegetation.

During my visit with my family, I immediately understood why Fayoum was home to the first Egyptians to practice agriculture and exists as one of the world’s longest continuously occupied towns. We met our guide for the day at a restaurant in the village center, which could only be characterized as storybook-esque. The open air dining area overlooked a large garden that supplied fresh herbs and produce for the kitchen, and one of the basin’s many lakes loomed in the distance. The view served as a prime introduction to the rich botanical and marine legacy of Fayoum.

Fayoum entered into a golden era during the years 1817–1860 BCE under King Senusret III. The basin began to yield high volumes of rich produce, attracting growing populations and increasing trade with other regions in Egypt and civilizations abroad. Today, the people of the Fayoum live similarly to their ancient ancestors, farming the land and maintaining its reputation as an agricultural cornucopia and cultural time capsule. I saw donkeys pulling carts carrying fruits, vegetables and people from place to place along dusty dirt roads. Wooden fishing canoes dotted the shores of expansive man-made lakes, which were connected by Egypt’s largest waterfall. The entire basin seemed to have been protected from the clattering machinery and dense fog of industrialization.

A fishing canoe in Fayoum. Masondan. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.

After finishing up at the restaurant, my mother, father, sister and I loaded into a rugged white Jeep that transported us even further back in time. The green farmland and quaint villages soon disappeared in the rearview mirror as we sped deeper into the vast nothingness of the desert, with no visible landmarks to guide our way. Our driver seemed one with the sand, confidently navigating the dunes and never once even hinting at the possibility of getting lost. The Jeep rattled along for quite a while and, for a moment, I thought we may actually reach the edge of the Earth. Eventually, clusters of irregular shapes appeared on the horizon, and we approached the unique rock formations that marked the entrance to Wadi El-Hitan.

Discovered by a team of geologists in 1902, the 37-million-year-old fossils of “Whale Valley” make Senusret III’s reign seem like yesterday. After hopping out of the Jeep for photos in front of a landscape that looked like it was copied and pasted from another planet, we arrived at the visitor’s center, a structure organized as a collection of concrete domes with a relatively bare interior that revealed evolutionary secrets long buried beneath the sand. As we ventured deeper into the UNESCO World Heritage site, we encountered whale skeletons stretching as long as 50 feet, and alongside skulls and spines rested the bones that made up the legs and knees of the prehistoric creatures. The fossils confirmed scientists’ long-held suspicions that whales evolved from terrestrial mammals, transitioning to full-time life in the ocean over the course of millions of years.

The most intriguing were the snake-like remains of the Basilosaurus, the enormous ancient whale whose bite marks were visible in the skulls of some smaller Dorudon skeletons. The fossils expose a history of Egypt that long predates the Pharaohs and their Pyramids, a history that predates the Nile itself. As we trekked up and down the dunes, following the fossil-flanked paths, the spirit of the ancient sea made itself undeniable even in the face of the endless desert—it began to rain.

The drizzle, so rare in the Wadi, connected me and my family across time and species to the legacy of the massive marine beings so instrumental in evolutionary history. We explored for a few hours, and when we finally emerged from Whale Valley, we piled back into the Jeep and dune-busted our way to a remote lake, arriving just in time for sunset. Our driver built a fire and made traditional Berber tea, which we drank on the shores until darkness threatened our route out of the desert and we had to depart.

I fell asleep quickly on the nearly three hour drive back to Cairo, dreaming of colorfully painted wooden boats, sledding down sand dunes, and whales with legs.

Keriann Slayton

Keriann is studying International Literary and Visual Studies and History at Tufts University, where she is a student athlete on the softball team and writes for the campus newspaper. Journalism allows her to meet fascinating people, engage with her community, and nurture her long-held passion for storytelling. She loves to fuel her interest in history and culture through travel, and she has visited Spain, Germany, Greece, Egypt, Turkey, and Italy. She hopes to share compelling narratives from around the world in order to better connect humanity across time and cultures

World Nomads’ Footprints in Responsible Tourism

April 22, 2024

Travelers are able to contribute directly to communities and wildlife conservation projects through the travel insurance company World Nomads’ Footprints initiative, raising both awareness and money.

Exploring Iceland’s Westfjords

April 16, 2024

Delve into the natural beauty and memorable experiences awaiting in Iceland's overlooked northwestern region.

A small town on a fjord in the Westfjords, Iceland. RaulHudson1986. CC0.

The serene and volcanic landscapes of Iceland have attracted adventurous travelers for many years, especially the popular Golden Circle and Ring Road routes. Yet, both paths exclude one of the most scenic areas of the country, the Westfjords.

The Westfjords of Iceland is a sparsely populated, panoramic region with little geothermal activity that many travelers often overlook. Despite this neglect, there are many amazing experiences here to add to your Icelandic adventure.

1. Dynjandi Fjallfoss Trail (Arnarfjordur)

Dynjandi Fjallfoss in Arnarfjörður, Iceland. Jacqueline Macou. CC0.

This majestic waterfall is the largest in the region and is frequently referred to as the Westfjords’ most beautiful attraction. It is part of a series of seven waterfalls that unravel down the peak, originating from the waters of Lake Stora-Eyjavatn. The sound that emanates from these falls mimics thunder, and it’s understood why the waterfall’s name, Dynjandi, translates to “thunderous” or “booming."

From the parking lot, you can hike your way up the seven waterfalls, but take caution as it can be quite slippery and mossy. The average person can do this hike in around 15 minutes, but it is recommended to take your time to enjoy each one. At the peak, you can revel in the mist of the magnificent waterfall, try the fresh glacial water, and look out over the extensive views of the fjord upon your descent.

2. Museum of Everyday Life–Hversdagssafn (Isafjordur)

Museum guests in the sensory lab in Ísafjörður, Iceland. Courtesy of Hversdagssafn.

This museum provides an intimate perspective on the everyday life of Icelanders that is largely overlooked in mainstream tourism of the island. Founders Vaida and Björg refer to Hversdagssafn as more of an art project under the guise of a museum, one that aims to collect human connection. From exhibits on family histories told through donated books from the old church, short films about the winter seasons and a local distaste of the Northern Lights to heartfelt reflections on being an immigrant in Iceland, this museum is sure to give you a fresh perspective on life in the Westfjords and the pillar of community using all five of your senses.

3. Hike to Hornstrandir (Hornstrandir)

Hiker crossing the river in Hornstrandir on a trek to Hornbjarg cliff. Kristyna Sindelkova. CC0.

Hornstrandir (227-sq-mi) is an uninhabited area of the Westfjords that is only accessible by boat during the summer between June and August. It’s frequently called “Europe’s last wilderness” and deemed a “hiker’s paradise.” All of the homes on the peninsula have been restored since the last farmers left in 1952.

After establishing Hornstrandir as a protected Nature Reserve in 1975, the area’s 250 species of flowering plants and 30 species of nesting birds have thrived. Up to six million birds nest on the cliffs during the summer, with species including the Atlantic puffin, Arctic terns, black guillemots and penguins. It is the only sanctuary for Iceland’s prized native mammal, the Arctic fox. As the region is uninhabited and the animals are protected, the foxes have no fear of travelers and will often raise their kits near campsites. Polar bears have also been known to drift on ice to Hornstrandir from Greenland, though this occurrence is rare.

The area’s tundras, cliffs, flower fields and ice prove to be exciting hiking routes for self-sufficient adventurers. You can enjoy the vast region through multi-day hikes or day trips where you can eat traditional cuisine at the Old Doctor’s House. You can also do multi-day kayak tours that weave in and out of the fjords and camp overnight in the wilderness or at sleeping bag accommodations. Guided tours are highly recommended, and booking in advance is required.

4. Tjöruhúsið (Ísafjörður)

Town of Isafjordur in the Westfjords of Iceland. Gestur Gislason. CC0.

Immerse yourself in this Icelandic fish buffet, only open for dine-in during the summer season, for a communal dining experience with unlimited access to a range of unique platters and local music. It is a family-owned and run restaurant that has no menu, as the restaurant caters to the catch of the day. The atmosphere is warm, welcoming and familial. Plates vary from traditional Icelandic fish stew, to thorskkinnar (cod cheeks), monkfish and more. The restaurant also serves as a meeting space for public events within the community. Reservations for the lunch and dinner serving times during the summer seasons are highly recommended to ensure a seat at the delicious buffet-style gathering.

5. The Icelandic Museum of Sea Monsters (Bíldudalur)

A cautionary sign was posted along the road in Iceland. Dendron. CC0.

Take a step back in time and discover old Icelandic lore and legend of the creatures that may or may not have plagued the Nordic seas. This region is known across Iceland for its historic reputation for prolific sea monster activity. At the Icelandic Museum of Sea Monsters, visitors can witness the extraordinary creatures of the deep vividly portrayed through an immersive and interactive blend of language, visuals and videos. Eyewitness testimonies are paired with scholarly insights into the realm of sea monsters, as on-screen narratives and academic perspectives infuse the space. Moreover, an array of relics and artifacts, serving as tangible remnants, color the museum, offering compelling evidence of their existence. The museum also has impressive interactive maps that draw on all kinds of monster legends from around the world.

Additionally, as you visit the museum, a highly recommended pitstop nearby is Reykjafjardarlaug Hot Spring, a geothermal pool just outside of the town for an ideal rest in warmed geothermal waters.

6. Whale Watching

Whale watchers aboard a RIB boat in Iceland. Courtesy of West Tours. CC0.

The waters of the Westfjords are home to many arctic species, including up to 20 species of whale. Here you will likely encounter dolphins, humpback whales, beak whales, minke whales and orcas. These polar water tours are frigid and icy and thus can be experienced on more relaxed boat tours. However, if you are looking for a more adventurous and open-air whale-watching tour, you can opt for an open RIB boat safari where you can feel the pulse and spray of the ocean while capturing up-close views of marine life. Most tours depart out of Isafjordur or Holmavik and last two to six hours. Almost all tours guarantee incredible whale and nesting bird sightings.

Whale watchers experiencing a whale sighting in Iceland. Courtesy of West Tours. CC0.

Julz Vargas

Julz is a student at Wellesley College studying Anthropology and Spanish. She grew up in Los Angeles, CA, and has studied all around the world in places such as Costa Rica, Greece, Iceland, and Spain. She is passionate about employing writing as a tool to explore human connection and diversity. Julz aspires to foster cross-cultural connections through community-based research, amplifying inclusive and diverse media about global cultures, foods, and people, to encourage individuals to engage more wholly with the world.

Exploring Mauritius: 6 Must See Destinations

April 16, 2024

This tiny island nation in Africa offers destinations exploring its complex colonial history, stunning beaches and unique outdoor adventures

The marina at Mauritus’s capital city, Port Louis. CC BY-NC 4.0

Located in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Africa, Mauritius is an island nation with picturesque beaches, national parks spanning its mountainous interior, and a complex history. While the island itself is only 788 square miles, equivalent to the size of Maui, Hawaii, the country offers opportunities to enjoy stunning landscapes while providing ample opportunities to learn about its culture and history.

Before being colonized by the Dutch in the 17th century, Mauritius was initially discovered by the Astronesians. After its initial colonization by the Dutch, Mauritius was under French and British rule until finally gaining independence in 1968. As is often the case, there are various cultural influences in the nation, with the Mauritian society recognizing its ancestors to be European and Asian settlers, Indian Immigrants and African slaves.

Adventure

Coin de Mire island in the distance, surrounded by blue waters and reefs. CC BY-NC 2.0

Accessible by boat, Coin de Mire is an island off Mauritius' north coast renowned for its wreck diving. Beneath the crystal waters there are five total sites surrounding the area, but the most famous is the 144-foot-long Djadeba shipwreck, which sank in 1967. At 82 feet deep, the dive to the sunken Japanese Fishing boat is recommended for advanced divers. Covered in a variety of corals, the wreck is home to a plethora of aquatic life, from octopus hiding out in the ship to tuna and moray circling about it.

For beginner divers the Emma and Waterlily wrecks are equally thrilling, with an abundance of wildlife from various species of corals to vibrant nudibranchs. The wrecks are quite close to each other and can be done in the same dive. Both the shallower depths and the ships construction themselves make it easy to explore and glide about between the two sites.

Back on land, the Seven Colored Earths of Chamarel are a small section of the Chamarel Seven Colored Earth Geopark. While the sharply variegated dunes are the main attraction here, there is a large forest surrounding them, making the dunes a perfect destination along an 8.7 mile hike that starts and ends on the Coastal Road La Gaulette and makes its way through the Black River Gorges National Park as well.

Beaches

Le Morne Beach

Aerial view of Le Morne Peninsula. CC BY-NC 2.0

At the foot of Le Morne Brabant Mountain, Le Morne Beach is a white coral sand beach spanning the southwestern tip of Mauritius. Along with being stunning, the beach is a UNESCO world heritage site. For those not content with simply sunbathing in swimming in the clear turquoise waters, the region is a prime spot for kitesurfing, especially from April to November when the trade winds are consistent.

Belle Mare Beach

On the east coast of the island, the Belle Mare spans six miles and boats crystal clear waters, perfect for snorkeling within the various coral reefs. Meaning “beautiful sea,” the region maintains a tropical climate year round, making it a popular destination for tourists looking for an idyllic beach getaway. Additionally, the nearby town of Mahebourg is home to a weekly market offering traditional goods as well as fresh produce.

Museums

Blue Penny Museum

Located in the capital city of Port Louis, Blue Penny Museum is an art and history museum exclusively dedicated to the nation. The Museum features rooms exploring the world of navigation, the island’s colonial history, Mauritius’s postal service, and an exhibit to French Author Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre. The museum is open from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Saturday and costs about $3 for non resident adults.

L’aventure du Sucre (The Sugar Museum)

Inside the restored sugar factory at L’aventure du Sucre. CC BY-NC 2.0

As a pillar to the Mauritian economy, the sugar cane industry is explored in this museum which is housed in a former sugar factory. L’aventure du Sucre is an eco-museum featuring an educational trail and various interactive areas that aim to educate visitors about the importance of the industry in shaping Mauritius. The museum also has a restaurant, Le Fangourin, which emphasizes on site preparation, local ingredients and vegetarian dishes. The museum is open Monday to Saturday from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. and costs about $8.50; the restaurant is open Monday to Saturday from 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m..

While Mauritius is renowned as a luxury destination, don’t let this impression prevent you from enjoying a breathtaking experience. Visiting the country in the low season from May to September can be one way to save, and utilizing the country's public bus system is another way to navigate the island without splurging. Additionally, although luxury hotels, such as LUX Le Morne can cost a minimum of about $500 a night, hotel accommodations such as Sunrise Attitude can cost less than $200 a night.

Nicola Degregorio

Nicola is studying English Literature at George Washington University, where she also reports for the student newspaper, The Hatchet. Nicola's passion for literature and writing has sparked an interest in exploring the broader context surrounding written texts. Researching and writing for Catalyst Planet allows her to investigate nuanced issues that intersect with her interests in art history, culinary practices, and cultural traditions.

Introducing a Travel Brand Dedicated to Positive Social Change: CATALYST PLANET

April 10, 2024

Are you looking for your next adventure? What about one that you can take from the comfort of your own home? With CATALYST PLANET, you need only your laptop to immerse yourself in cultures and destinations from every corner of the globe. And, if you want to travel, CATALYST PLANET can help with that, too. To get CATALYST PLANET directly to your inbox sign up here.

CATALYST PLANET is a global community of activists, conscious travelers and creators, who share a passion for adventure and activism. As a publication that sheds light on urgent global issues through engaging content and transformative travel experiences, CATALYST PLANET is the future of social impact travel.

If you’re itching to embark on your next journey, CATALYST PLANET’s Travel section is the perfect starting point. As a gateway to exploration, every click leads you to new destinations and articles that are organized by continent. Whether you’re looking to enjoy a literary pilgrimage in Colombia, experience Antarctica’s natural beauty, or even meet penguins in South Africa, the travel section has it all. At CATALYST PLANET, you’re invited to satisfy your wanderlust, where every article is a ticket to a different destination.

With captivating social impact articles that explore topics ranging from climate change to human rights, videos that bring distant cultures to life, and podcasts to challenge your perspective, global citizens will find there is always something, or someplace, new to discover. Dive into the stories of women tuk-tuk drivers as they fight discrimination in Cambodia, famine in Sudan due to climate change and political unrest, and how to authentically experience culture while supporting locals.

And that’s only the beginning. CATALYST PLANET offers travel tools and tips to ensure traveler satisfaction while keeping the planet and local communities in mind. Here, you’ll find an abundance of practical trip tips and tools designed to enhance your travel experience. Need to score discounted airfare for your international flights? Looking for a digital nomad visa that’s easily accessible? Or do you just want to know what to pack in your bag? Regardless of what you’re looking for, CATALYST PLANET offers invaluable insights into travel tricks to make your journey smooth and empower you every step of the way.

For folks ready to make the switch from armchair traveler to globe-trotter, you’re in luck too. Not only does CATALYST PLANET offer insightful media and immersive content, we know that travelers are frustrated, spending hours searching for trips that align with their future-forward, local-first, eco-friendly and sustainable values. They want to travel and do it right. What sets CATALYST PLANET apart from other travel brands is our community’s commitment to raising the bar on ethics and sustainability. We’ve done the leg work, so you don't have to. By using the Take A Trip tool, individuals can discover over 100+ small group tours that are meticulously curated for travelers devoted to conscious exploration. Trips can be filtered by location, interest, cost, duration and more, so that travelers can easily find journeys that better suit their own budget and values.

Whether you crave eco-travel, volunteer trips, cultural immersion, or a wild adventure, CATALYST PLANET has you covered. Volunteer to help animal shelters in South Africa, explore the beaches and temples of Bali, or ski down the slopes of the Koh e Baba in Afghanistan. Our list of vetted organizations and adventures grows weekly. With CATALYST PLANET, you’ll receive your passport to the next generation of conscious travel and activism.

Are you ready to take the leap to join the next generation of activists and conscious travelers? To learn more about CATALYST PLANET, sign up for our newsletter or give us a follow on social media to stay updated on what could be your next adventure. Start your exploration today to join us in creating a brighter tomorrow through future-forward travel and social action—let's see the planet and change the world together.

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A Festival of Flight: Explore Japan’s Hamamatsu Kite Festival

April 9, 2024

Join more than 1.5 million people in May to celebrate the Hamamatsu Kite Festival.

Kites flying during the Hamamatsu Kite Festival. Shizuoka Prefectural Tourism Association. CC BY-SA 2.1 JP

The origins of the Hamamatsu Kite Festival date back more than 450 years. In Japan, kites have been used for both practical and celebratory purposes for over 1,000 years. During the Edo era, kites were flown to celebrate the birth of a first-born son. This tradition then developed into the Hamamatsu Kite Festival where all children are celebrated.

At the beginning of May during Golden Week, Hamamatsu’s skies are filled with over 100 vibrant, traditional kites. The designs of the kites in the Hamamatsu Kite Festival symbolize children and traditions from each town in the district of Hamamatsu. The kite fliers then partake in an aerial battle, attempting to sever each other's kite strings.

As dusk falls, the festivities move from the beach to the city center where the streets come alive with dance and musical performances featuring bells and drums. The traditional music follows nearly 100 artfully decorated floats as they travel through the streets of Hamamatsu. The floats carry children in customary clothing and are pulled by cheering adults with lanterns and flags in hand.

Some floats are over 100 years old, and travelers can learn about their history at the plaza between the JR-Hamamatsu and Shin-Hamamatsu train stations where a few floats are displayed throughout the day. There are three parade routes, so for those hoping to see all the floats it is recommended that they choose a different route each night.

The location of the kite battles on the Pacific coastline allows travelers easy access to other nearby marvels, such as one of three of Japan’s major sand dunes. The Nakatajima Dunes, known as a famous hatching ground for loggerhead sea turtles, can be found near the kite battles, and are surrounded by coastal forests.

Not only home to its eponymous Kite Festival, the city of Hamamatsu is a destination known for its diverse landscapes and impeccable craftsmanship. Along with the coastline, Hamamatsu boasts mountains, a river and Lake Hamana, the birthplace of Japan’s eel-farming industry. Energetic travelers can participate in many activities at Lake Hamana, including windsurfing, swimming and biking.

Nature lovers will feel right at home among thousands of plant species at the Hamamatsu Flower Park. History buffs can learn about the city’s musical history at the Hamamatsu Museum and explore Hamamatsu Castle.

Hamamatsu is easily accessible from Tokyo. Travelers can take a bullet train from Tokyo Station to Hamamatsu Station in as little as 100 minutes.

Buried Tragedy: The Slums Beneath the Streets of Edinburgh

April 9, 2024

A long-buried mini-city beneath the streets of Edinburgh sheds light on the lives of its 19th century poor

The city of Edinburgh is known for its gorgeous architecture, rich history and fascinating culture, and over many years has become a prime destination for tourists visiting Scotland. But beneath the Royal Mile lie hidden catacombs and an unsettling history of poverty and crime.

Despite being used as a prime spot for chintzy “ghost tours”, the underground city (referred to varyingly as the Edinburgh Vaults and South Bridge Vaults) has a rich and tragic history. It was constructed back in 1788 as part of the South Bridge Act, which was an attempt to make the rapidly-growing city more traversable. The bridge wasn’t only for travel, however; the arches under the bridge were home to tenement buildings designed to turn the area into a marketplace. The nearly 120 individual vaults became taverns, workshops and storage units for merchants.

Storage in the Edinburgh Vaults. Kjetil Bjornsrud, CC BY-SA 2.5

However, these vaults were not properly sealed against water and eventually started to flood, leading to most businesses completely abandoning them before the turn of the century. The rooms were left largely empty as the Industrial Revolution swept across Britain, and eventually became slum housing for the city’s poor. As jobs began to be automated, more and more citizens were without income and found themselves unable to pay for their homes, sending them out onto the streets and, eventually, down to the South Bridge Vaults.

Since the vaults were almost totally blocked off, many of them were without air circulation and sunlight. This, coupled with a lack of running water and sanitation, made living down in the vaults a waking nightmare. Over time, the vaults became more and more crowded, with many housing several families at once.

A recreation of living conditions in the Vaults. Shadowgate, CC BY 2.0

The vaults were also entirely avoided by the city police. As a result, they became a hotspot for all kinds of crime, from theft and prostitution to murder and body snatching. Rumors have circulated for years that a pair of notorious serial killers used the vaults to store corpses that they would later sell to medical schools for use in classes. While the killings did occur, there is no evidence that the criminals actually used the vaults to store their victims.

It is unknown exactly when the vaults were finally shut down. At some point, they were cleared out and sealed off with rubble to prevent new inhabitants. The vaults were left completely forgotten underneath the city until being discovered and excavated in the 1980s. In the years since, various clubs and venues have taken up residence in the vaults, but the vast majority are still used for ghost tours.

The history of these vaults is overshadowed by the pop-culture appeal of their supposed hauntings, but their very existence shines a light on the grim conditions faced by the poor in the 19th century. The appalling conditions in which these impoverished people lived is bad enough, but the indifference shown by the city’s government was far worse, letting criminals run rampant and leaving entire families essentially trapped in the sunless, disease-ridden catacombs. Today, the vaults serve as a reminder of the shortcomings of industrialism and the suffering endured by the poor around the world throughout history.

Though much of the vault network is still closed off to the public, there are many different tour companies in the city that guide visitors through the accessible rooms. Despite being billed most often as “ghost tours,” the guides are more than receptive to questions about the vaults’ history and tend to spend just as much time describing the vaults themselves as the ghosts that ostensibly still haunt them. Mercat Tours, a well-regarded historical tour company in Edinburgh, does adults-only evening tours regularly, with ticket prices around $28.

Ski Trips Make a Comeback in Afghanistan

April 9, 2024

Untamed Borders navigates powder and a new administration as adventure enthusiasts transcend cultural and geographical borders

Tourist Skiing in Afghanistan. Neil Silverton

Afghanistan’s ski slopes have witnessed the return of tourists for the first time since the new Taliban government came into power in 2021. Untamed Borders is a UK based travel company, formed in 2008, that focuses on providing travel opportunities to some of the world's most interesting and inaccessible places. In 2011 it pioneered excursions to Afghanistan, and has recently decided to resume its trips to the non-traditional ski tourism destination.

The group sponsored onetrip in the winter of 2024 that lasted from February 22nd to March third. It began in Islamabad, Pakistan and ended in Kabul, Afghanistan. It was a magnet for those looking to experience the region’s rugged yet beautiful landscape. Skiers started in Pakistan, where they received visas, before flying to Kabul and driving to Bamian to spend four days skiing.

Group Skiing in Afghanistan. Ana Tasič, Untamed Borders

In 2025, the company is set to continue its trips to Afghanistan. For this upcoming year the trip will be set in the Bamian Province once again, with skiing taking place in the Koh e Baba Mountain range. Similar to past trips, travelers are expected to end in Kabul and begin by venturing through Islamabad and Peshiwar, Pakistan. Skiers will have the opportunity to be led by local guides, who will help them explore Afghanistan’s popular slopes and to experience backcountry skiing on routes that may have never been skied before. Travelers will additionally have the opportunity to visit the remains of Bamian’s famous Buddha statues, the ancient city of Shahr e Zohak and take part in the Afghan Peak Ski Race.

Ana Tasič, an international guide for Untamed Borders, emphasized the beauty of the trip to Bamian Province, highlighting the drive through the outskirts of the snowy Hindu Kush Mountains. She explained that it typically takes around four to six hours to get to the Province but that “the journey through the mountains is spectacular.”

Afghan Peaks Ski Race. Afghan Peaks Charitable Trust.

Each year, the annual ski trip run by Untamed Borders coincides with Afghanistan’s annual Afghan Peak Ski Race. International groups will be offered the opportunity to take part in it alongside locals. The race typically includes two different types of skiing. One race is for people using wooden skis and the other is for those using conventional skis. The competition allows people of all ages to compete, but has faced some challenges that allow women to participate as a result of the Taliban taking over. Tasič, a former teacher of the ski club for girls, mentioned the changes in government over the past couple of years that have prevented the participation of women.

“We can’t do anything with women in sports anymore, so this has definitely changed but there’s not much that we can do about it. We’re hoping that this changes in the next few years,” she said.

The new regime in Afghanistan has not created the need for Untamed Borders to up security considerations. Because the Taliban now run Afghanistan there is less of a worry over unpredictable attacks than before, although getting into the country has become complicated. While some changes have been made in regards to travel planning, Tasič reassured those considering the trip that although “a lot has changed in the last eight years, one thing that stands out is the hospitality of the people there.” She mentioned how the trip is an opportunity for travelers to not just meet locals but to spend a week with them and get to see how they live.

“We get to experience Afghanistan in a way that most people don’t. It’s not just a ski trip, but it’s also a cultural and hospitality trip,” Tasič said.

TO GET INVOLVED

For the 2025 trip, those interested can find more information on Untamed Borders’ website. The trip to Afghanistan costs $2,850 USD and dates are not yet finalized, but when they are they will be posted to the same site for travelers to easily access.

How to Authentically Experience Culture While Supporting Locals

April 2, 2024

Getting in touch with locals is the perfect way to engage meaningfully with all a destination has to offer.

A meal shared in the Philippines. Avel Chuklanov. CC0 1.0

Whether you are growing distrustful of hyped social media recommendations when traveling somewhere new or are merely trying to find a way to support locals on your journey, there are many ways to create an enjoyable trip while experiencing the beauty of a city from the perspective of one of its inhabitants. From sharing meals to discovering the delights of a city beyond mere tourist attractions, engaging with locals is an excellent way to enjoy the unadulterated beauty of a destination.

For many, part of immersing themselves in a culture revolves around the dinner table. Although both dives and upscale restaurants offer a plethora of meal-sharing experiences, there is nothing like enjoying a home-cooked meal. Spanning 6 continents, Traveling Spoon connects travelers with locals hoping to welcome tourists to their culture through the power of food. Whether it be a traditional cooking class using family recipes in Ecuador or gaining new insight into French cuisine through a vinegar tour in Cognac, the website provides a variety of options for travelers to experience a full range of culinary experiences. From market tours to cooking classes, Traveling Spoon cultivates connections and allows those coming from near or far to feel at home when abroad.

Similar to Traveling Spoon, Eat With is a popular sight for travelers looking to get an authentic food experience. While Traveling Spoon offers more destinations, eatwith.com is a good source for those visiting major cities such as New York, Rome and Paris. Both sites offer experiences as low as $15, but some vendors can charge into the hundreds of dollars depending on the city and precise details of the experience.

With 151 destinations spanning 40 countries, theInternational Greeter Association is a non-profit offering free walking tours around various cities. Started in 1992 in New York City, this free-of-charge service is now expanding again after the Covid-19 pandemic. The greeter network is composed of passionate locals looking to show off what their city has to offer and to provide a friendly face to those visiting.

The not-for-profit nature of the organization makes utilizing the International Greeter Association an excellent way for tourists to engage with a city and its culture from an insider's perspective; learning about local gems, using public transport and discussing the greeter’s personal relationship with their city can be a great way to engage on with a destination on a whole new level, and maybe make a friend along the way.

Although social media is riddled with hyped restaurants and attractions that can make searching for cultural authenticity difficult, following creators that unveil local secrets is an excellent way to leverage new technology. For example, Elizabeth and Sophie Michilli are a mother-daughter duo from Italy who showcase their experiences in Puglia and Rome, highlighting local favorite restaurants and boutiques. Though it can be difficult to navigate through sponsored and algorithmically recommended content, using social media as a tool to engage with local creators can be an effective way to meaningfully tailor your trip to support local establishments.

A wadi in Oman. Digital Aesthetica. CC BY-ND 2.0

Ode to Oman: My Personal Adventure

March 28, 2024

Over spring break in 2024, I had the honor of traveling to Oman, a land with around 100,000 years of human history.

Starry Nights: 6 Stargazing Destinations on 5 Continents

March 28, 2024

Get excited for International Dark Sky Week by exploring a few of the best stargazing destinations the world has to offer.

The Milky Way in Australia. Trevor Dobson. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

With light pollution making the cosmos fade from our skies, the time to appreciate the stars is now. Around the world, communities have made efforts to maintain dark sky havens where locals and visitors alike can admire bright and vibrant night skies with ease. From Brazil to Japan, here are your next star-studded destinations.

1. Albanya, Spain

The Albanya Observatory. StarryEarth, cropped by Madison Paulus. CC BY-NC 2.0

Albanya is a Spanish municipality near the French border home to miles of mountains and forests and many incredible stargazing spots. Since earning its dark sky park designation in 2017, Albanya has been a magnet for astro-tourists from around the world. Astronomy enthusiasts can explore several popular locations for self-guided stargazing from El Pla de la Bateria to El Casalot.

For those seeking to be guided through the mystical skies, Albanya hosts several stargazing tours and guided events. At the Albanya Astronomical Observatory, astronomers Pere Guerra and Pau Bosch offer carefully curated audiovisual tours where stargazers can admire the cosmos regardless of the weather or time of year.

To connect further with the skies, travelers can camp beneath the stars at Bassegoda Park. Despite being a dream destination for stargazers, Bassegoda Park has activities for everyone from mini golf and swimming to themed weekends.

2. Aoraki Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve, New Zealand

Stargazers gather at Lake Tekapo, New Zealand. Dark Sky Project. CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0

Sitting atop New Zealand’s South Island, the Aoraki Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve has been a trailblazer in the world of dark sky conservation. Here, outdoor lighting controls limiting light pollution have been in place since the 1980s to support wildlife while conserving energy.

The Aoraki Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve was not recognized as a dark sky reserve until 2012, but the night sky has been respected by New Zealand’s Indigenous People for generations. The Māori have long intertwined their culture with astronomy, using the star-studded sky as both a tool for navigation and as a source of inspiration for folklore.

With the Milky Way and planets often visible from the Aoraki Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve, visitors can be blown away by what New Zealand’s skies have to offer.

3. Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary, Australia

A time-lapse of the night sky in Australia. Steven Penton. CC BY 2.0

The Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary boasts over 50 years of award-winning conservation efforts, which have come to include dark sky conservation. Now home to three astronomical observatories, the Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary is a destination for lovers of all kinds of natural beauty.

The Ridgetop Sleepout offers a unique experience to adventurous explorers. Travelers partaking in this opportunity get to revel in the phenomenal sky against the backdrop of the Australian outback.

For those seeking to expand their appreciation of natural treasures beyond the night sky, geological monuments like waterholes and gorges have formed in Arkaroola over the past two billion years. An impressive diversity of wildlife, including a wide variety of birds, live alongside these ancient marvels, drawing nature lovers and bird watchers from around the globe.

4. Bisei Town, Japan

A Nova discovered by Japanese astronomer Yuji Nakamura. Xylophilist. CC BY 2.0

Bisei Town, meaning ‘beautiful stars’, lives up to its name. Here, the frequently clear skies and lack of light pollution combine, creating an ideal stargazing destination.

As a designated dark sky reserve since 2021, those under Bisei Town’s sky can witness astonishing assortments of stars with the naked eye. To further enhance the stargazing experience in Bisei Town, visitors can access telescopes at the Bisei Astronomical Observatory to view planets and other celestial objects.

Efforts to preserve Bisei Town’s dark skies have served to be a good role model for town development. Thanks to a partnership with lighting manufacturer Panasonic, the dark skies have been obtained by replacing every lighting fixture with one approved by DarkSky International. These efforts have dramatically decreased light pollution and have landed Bisei Town a spot on the map of the best stargazing havens.

5. Desengano State Park, Brazil

The Milky Way captured over Brazil. Chaval Brasil. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Desengano State Park is the oldest park protected by the state in Rio de Janeiro and the first dark sky park in Latin America. Void of any artificial lighting, Desengano State Park touts a pitch-black night lit with a colorful Milky Way. Because of seasonally non-existent cloud cover, the best time to indulge in Desengano’s starry escape is between May and August.

The clear night skies are far from Desengano State Park’s only attraction. Nature lovers are welcomed with a variety of terrains from forest to grassland and over 1,321 species. Activities offered at Desengano State Park range from horseback riding to hiking along trails dotted with waterfalls. With 24-hour access, visitors have endless opportunities to engage with Desengano’s magic.

6. NamibRand Nature Reserve, Namibia

A camera set up to capture the Milky Way in Namibia. Bobby Bradley. CC BY-NC 2.0

Situated in southern Namibia, the NamibRand Nature Reserve is one of the biggest private nature reserves in Africa. Created to help preserve the southwest Namib desert, the NamibRand Nature Reserve has been successful in preserving Namibia’s dark skies as well, gaining recognition as a Gold Tier International Dark Sky Reserve in 2012.

Open-air units are available to those yearning to wake up directly under the stars. Beyond stargazing, the NamibRand Nature Reserve offers many activities centered around environmental education.

People living and working at the NamibRand Nature Reserve, particularly at the Namib Desert Environmental Education Trust (NaDEET) Centre, make efforts to give back to the environment by living sustainability. At the NamibRand Nature Reserve, visitors can have the opportunity to learn about sustainable living while taking in the wonders above.

8 Reasons to Visit Oman

March 28, 2024

Oman is truly a feast of the senses—a remarkable getaway for anyone seeking a fulfilling adventure.

The Grand Mosque in Muscat, Oman. Madison Paulus

After returning from study abroad in Oman, I have a newfound admiration for the country’s history, culture, views and activities. The vitality of Omani culture despite outside influence is admirable and I could see it reflected everywhere I went. From the very first day, I felt welcomed and immersed within the Omani lifestyle. This trip was an incredible experience, inspiring me to share eight reasons why you should experience Oman.

1. Rich History

View of a mosque from the Nizwa Fort. Madison Paulus

Oman is the oldest independent nation in the region, brimming with about 1,000 well preserved historical sites. While civilization in Oman began around 100,000 years ago, many popular historical sites came about during Portuguese occupation between 1507 and 1650.

In Muscat, the capital of Oman, explorers can find several forts. The Muttrah Fort, which the Portuguese built in 1507 can be found at the heart of Muscat's coast. Here, travelers can gaze upon 500-year-old lookouts.

The Mutrah Fort serves as a vantage point for travelers as it is nearby several other must-see spots, including the Mutrah Market, Al Alam Palace and the National Museum of Oman. Many other castles and forts can be found strewn across Oman, including the Nizwa Fort and Jibreen Castle.

2. Fruitful Culture

A man making pottery at the Jibreen Castle. Madison Paulus

Oman boasts an impressive blend of cultures. The Omani empire once ruled an area spanning from the east coast of Africa up to present-day Oman. Because of the vast territory and major role in trade, African, Arabian and Asian influences can be found embedded within Omani culture.

Home to more than 130 various types of traditional dances and music, Oman’s performance arts delight travelers and locals alike. Omanis are also expressive through their dress. Women can often be seen in vibrant clothing featuring intricate designs that are unique to each region. Men wearing dishdashas dot the streets, sometimes sporting traditional Khanjars (daggers) on special occasions.

Omani hospitality is another key feature of Omani culture. Omanis are known to be warm and welcoming to travelers, sure to offer friendly interactions and generous gifts for guests including coffee, dates and frankincense. For those searching for opportunities to immerse in Omani culture, there are many festivals open to travelers, including the Muscat Festival and the Salalah Festival.

3. Culinary Diversity

A variety of spices at the Nizwa Market. Madison Paulus

As with the culture, Omani food features Arabian, Asian and African influences. Some renowned Omani dishes include Shuwa, Rukhal bread and Halwa. Shuwa is a unique dish saved for special occasions. Meticulously prepared, Shuwa consists of meat cooked in a clay oven underground for up to two days, giving way to a tender, spice-filled delicacy.

Rukhal bread is a delightful addition that can be found accompanying any meal. Traditionally cooked over flaming palm leaves, Rukhal bread is round and thin, often served with honey or date syrup in the morning or sprinkled across meat and rice dishes throughout the rest of the day.

Halwa is a labor of love, often symbolic of Omani hospitality. A sticky, gelatinous treat, Halwa is usually made by combining water, ghee, corn flour, sugar and additional flavorings such as rose water or saffron in a large copper pot. Beyond the restaurants and markets, an ideal place where explorers can indulge in Omani cuisine is the Muscat Eat Food Festival.

4. Unique Commodities

A display of Amouage perfume at the Mall of Oman. Madison Paulus

With an abundance of frankincense and other natural resources, Oman is home to many exceptional goods. Fragrances in particular are an Omani specialty, and Amouage is an exhibition of this expertise. A popular Omani luxury fragrance brand, Amouage draws from Oman’s natural wonders to create enchanting scents, incorporating locally sourced rock roses, ambergris and frankincense.

While the products aren't budget friendly for many people, travelers can tour the only Amouage factory in the world for free in Muscat, getting a behind-the-scenes look and while sampling their extravagant fragrances along the way.

If perfumes aren’t your thing, the smell of burning frankincense and oud can be experienced all over the country. For those who wish to bring the essence of Oman home with them, these products, along with traditional burners, can be found easily at shops and markets.

5. Vibrant Art

Hand-woven baskets on display at the Nizwa Market. Madison Paulus

Many art forms have been intertwined with Omani culture for thousands of years. Pottery is a 5,000-year-old tradition in Oman that is still present across the country. Holding great historical value, pottery has been integral in the lives of Omanis for thousands of years.

While pottery today is often decorative, its historical and cultural value has been maintained here. In the ancient Omani state of Bahla, explorers can buy pottery from local sculptures or even learn how to make their own at the Al Adawi factory.

Other intriguing Omani handicrafts include basket weaving and silversmithing. Hand-woven baskets made of date palm or other natural fibers can be found in markets across the country, and travelers can witness the process in action at the Nizwa Fort. Silver goods like khanjar (daggers) and jewelry can also be found throughout Oman’s markets, symbolic of Omani heritage and good fortune.

6. Comfortable Climate

A view of the landscape from atop the Nizwa Fort. Madison Paulus

Oman’s weather and climate vary significantly by region, easily accommodating travelers’ preferences. With the interior's dry deserts surrounded by southwest summer monsoons and hot, humid coastlines, Oman offers a warm getaway whether you like sun or rain.

Because of this variation, Oman is a year-round destination, with northern Oman attracting many during the months of October through April, and the South drawing explorers most during July, August, and September, according to a presentation by Zahara Tours.

7. Natural Wonders

Camels sit in the sand outside the Arabian Oryx Camp. Madison Paulus

Oman’s ecosystems feature a huge diversity of plants and animals, from rock roses and apricots to turtles and camels. With 20 official nature reserves, travelers are offered a wide array of destinations to appreciate Oman’s natural beauty from the mountains to the sea.

Some iconic destinations for explorers to witness nature at its finest include the Al Jinz Turtle Reserve and Daymaniyat Island, where you can swim with whale sharks as they migrate south every summer.

With several caves beneath the earth and many wonders like waterfalls and valleys above, Oman’s astonishing ecology is situated in equally breathtaking natural landscapes.

8. Adventurous Activities

A Dhow boat sailing in the Gulf of Oman. Madison Paulus

Travelers itching for activity have countless options in Oman. Hikers will feel right at home, with many trails at varying levels of difficulty found throughout the Hajar and Musandam mountains.

Travelers can also explore the desert on camel-back or by riding on ATVs. The Arabian Oryx Camp is a perfect spot for either, in addition to offering Bedouin-style accommodations and authentic Arab cuisine.

For those who prefer to spend time in the water, Oman’s nearly 1,300 miles of coastline offers beaches where travelers can swim and snorkel through blue waters.

Underwater Paradise: Raja Ampat, Indonesia

March 21, 2024

With over 70% of the Earth covered by water, it’s only logical for the planet’s greatest beauty to lie beneath the waves. Raja Ampat holds a special place in the hearts of divers and naturalists alike.

Wayang Island within Raja Ampat. Elias Levy. CC BY 2.0.

Situated northwest off of Papua, Indonesia’s most eastern island, the Raja Ampat archipelago is heralded as a top-tier site for scuba diving and marine biodiversity. Raja Ampat comprises over 28,000 square miles of ocean and hundreds of cays and shoals still to be discovered. Plate tectonics exposed ancient limestone seabeds to tidal erosion which yielded a series of islands seeming to levitate above the waves. As the archipelago straddles the Earth’s equator, it naturally experiences a tropical climate.

But Raja Ampat’s most signature feature is its sheer scope of species diversity. Home to at least 75% of the world’s hard corals and at least 1,500 different species of fish, Raja Ampat is considered the global epicenter of marine animal diversity. Due to a confluence of warm, shallow water and nutrient-rich currents from the Pacific and Indian oceans, Raja Ampat has thrived for decades as a haven for endangered aquatics. A slew of rare sea species from dugongs and blue whales to dolphins and leatherbacks live in relative geographic isolation and pristine marine ecosystems.

Northern Raja Ampat

Marine biodiversity is unmatched within Raja Ampat. Nazir Amin. CC BY 2.0.

The northern islands of Gam, Kri, Waigeo and Batanta are bounded by the Dampier Strait. It serves as a popular entryway to Raja Ampat thanks to the city of Sorong on the west coast of Papua which hosts its own airport. With mainland access via ferries, most visitors flock to the north to dive at famous sites such as Cape Kri, Blue Magic and Manta Sandy.

Cape Kri is a renowned hotspot for marine biodiversity. Once recorded as the site with the highest quantity of distinct fish species observed in a single dive, visitors can expect to see reef sharks, moray eels, turtles, Humphead wrasse, cuttlefish, porcupinefish, crevalle jack, snapper and barracuda.

Blue Magic offers a variety of soft and hard coral reefs to check out. Though divers will face strong currents in the water, the struggle is worth the chance to meet dogfish tuna, giant trevally, spanish mackerel, bumphead parrotfish and even octopi.

Manta Sandy is a shallow site teeming with plankton, and of course, ocean manta rays. Divers must try their luck to encounter the rare black manta.

South Raja Ampat

A Wobbegong shark. Nazir Amin. CC BY 2.0.

South Raja Ampat is noticeably inaccessible to the lay visitor as overnight ferries must be taken from Sorong to reach this remote area. However, the reefs in South Raja Ampat are picturesque, with premier visibility for pygmy seahorses, colorful nudibranchs and other wowing wildlife.

The island of Misool is the pinnacle of biodiversity conservation, as much of the area is protected as part of the Misool Marine Reserve. There’s only one option for overnight lodgings: the Misool Eco Resort, an eco-friendly hotel dedicated to conservation and sustainability. The resort’s founders dedicate a portion of both their profits towards biodiversity recovery; there’s been a 250% increase in local biomass and a doubling of reef fishes within six years. Visitors are welcome to trek or boat to neighboring islands for beautiful beaches, native seabirds and rock petroglyphs dating back 4,000 years.

Hundreds of reef fish are visible from above the water’s edge. Nazir Amin. CC BY 2.0.

Raja Ampat’s natural beauty belies political and economic trouble.

Though visitors will certainly enjoy Raja Ampat’s scenic environments and exotic wildlife, they may feel the effects of local turmoil.

In 1961 the people of West Papua, an area which includes Raja Ampat, voted to become a part of Indonesia in a much disputed referendum. However, a pro-independence movement has emerged throughout Papua, eliciting police and military crackdowns alongside communal tensions. Furthermore, around 9,000 of Raja Ampat residents live in poverty, lacking sanitation facilities and healthcare. Clean drinking water is imported into the islands approximately once a month; there is no electrical or telecommunications infrastructure available for most villagers. Most inhabitants either fish or mine to earn their living, and often incur debts to small businesses for consumer goods and fuel prices. Raja Ampat’s ecotourism industry is partnering with local residents to promote their security and welfare.

10 Unique Sports Around the World

March 21, 2024

From Senegal to Southeast Asia, here are lesser-known sports entrenched in cultural traditions.

African Wrestling World Tour opening, Pierre-Yves Beaudouin, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Standing up in your seat at Croke Stadium in Dublin screaming “Let it in!” with tens of thousands of other Hurling fans is among the most Irish experiences you can have. However, this kind of experience isn’t unique to Ireland. Whether it’s wrestling in Senegal or canal jumping in the Netherlands, sports often have huge cultural significance, providing people with entertainment and reasons to get together. While we usually only hear about a select few, there are thousands of sports around the world, many with fascinating histories and passionate fanbases. Below are ten of the most interesting lesser-known sports and the histories behind them.

1. Stickball—Native American Nations

Kullihoma Stickball Tournament, Choctaw Nation, CCO 1.0, via Wikimedia Commons

According to an Iroquois legend, a Chief and a young woman living in the sky world had to marry to save their universe. Before they could, however, a stickball player traveled through the multiverse, saving the woman and impregnating her before they reached Earth, leading to the spread of humanity.

Stickball has been played by the Indigenous Nations of the Iroquois Federation, the Chickasaws, and the Choctaws since 1100 AD. Previously known as the “little brother of war,” stickball was used as a way to settle a conflict. Today, it is best known as the predecessor to modern lacrosse. The main differences between lacrosse and stickball are that traditional stickball often pits men against women and a pole is used instead of a goal.

Stickball is still played throughout native communities, with the most recent World Series Stickball Championship taking place on July 15 and 16, 2022 at the Choctaw Indian Fair on the Choctaw Indian Reservation in Mississippi.

2. Hurling—Ireland

Hurling Game, Irish Defence Forces, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The average NBA basketball game attracts between 15-20,000 fans per game. Every year the All-Ireland Hurling Finals is played at Croke Park stadium in Dublin, with over 80,000 fans in attendance.

The first reference to hurling was from 1272 BC, making hurling over 3000 years old. Hurling has had a huge role in Irish history and society, so much so that the Brehon Laws, the native Gaelic legal system, used to give out compensation to players injured through hurling.

Currently, hurling is run with strict rules by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). It is played with a stick known as a hurley and a ball called a sliotar. By using a combination of your hand and the hurley, the object of the game is to get the sliotar into the opposing team's net.

3. Capoeira—Brazil

Capoeira at the Brazilian Pavilion at Folklorama 2013, Ccyyrree, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

From its inception, the half-martial-art half-dance Capoeira was a symbol of hope and freedom. The original elements of Capoeira were brought to Brazil by enslaved people from Africa and practiced on plantations as a way of maintaining their traditional culture. Due to Brazil’s large size, runaway slaves were often able to escape and form their own communities, called Quilombos. It is thought that it was here that Capoeira was truly able to develop and evolve.

In the present day, you don’t need to go to Brazil to practice Capoeira. The World Capoeira Federation is located far away in Tallinn, Estonia, and there are Capoeira studios in many countries around the world.

4. Kabaddi—South Asia

Iran’s Kabaddi Team, Fars Media Corporation Amir Hosseini, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Siddhartha Guatama, the Buddha himself, is recorded in Buddhist literature to have played Kabaddi recreationally. It may seem surprising that the Buddha, famous for his calm and peace-loving nature, played a contact sport, but this connection makes more sense than it seems. In both Kabaddi and meditation, breath is of central importance.

Kabaddi has two teams, each based in one half of a field. Play starts when a “raider” runs to the other side and attempts to tag their opponents. During the entire raid, the player must hold their breath, and continuously yell “Kabaddi” to prove they are not breathing. If the player makes it back to the other side, they will get a point for every opponent they touched. If they do not and are wrestled down, then the opposing team gets a point.

Currently, Kabaddi is the national sport of Bangladesh and is popular throughout South Asia, where the Vivo Pro Kabaddi League hosts matches every year.

5. Senegalese Wrestling—Senegal

African Wrestling World Tour, Pierre-Yves Beaudouin, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Laamb en Wolof, widely known as Senegalese wrestling, is deeply rooted in tradition. Historically, people of the Sérère and the Diola ethnicities used wrestling at the end of harvest season to determine who would be the village champion, winning cattle and other important prizes. Today, each match starts with the fighters being introduced by a chorus of women known as a Baccou.

Senegalese wrestling differs from Western wrestling in its rules. In Senegalese wrestling, you can punch the body and head with your bare fists. A match ends whenever a wrestler falls and his back touches the ground.

Currently, Senegalese wrestling is very popular in West Africa and the national sport of Senegal, where it rivals soccer in popularity.

6. Sepak Takraw—Southeast Asia

Sepak Takraw, Korea.net / Korean Culture and Information Service, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Played throughout Southeast Asia, Sepak Takraw is, in essence, volleyball played without your arms. To serve, professional players usually do a bicycle kick, trying to slam the ball down into the opponent's court. Players use their bodies to block shots.

Sepak Trakaw was first played by Malaysian royalty about 500 years ago. From there, in the 16th century, it expanded throughout the Indonesian archipelago under the name Sepak Raga. In 1945 a swim club hosted the first official Sepak Raga tournament. More and more tournaments were played until in 1992, the game was formalized under its current name by the International Sepaktakraw Federation.

7. Donkey Racing—Kenya

Lamu Donkey Races, Kayak Aberfeldy, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 via wordpress.org

On the small Kenyan Island of Lamu, cars and bicycles are banned, allowing the people of Lamu and their visitors to maintain their traditional form of transportation: donkeys. Every year around November, the over 700-year-old township hosts its annual Lamu Cultural Festival. Taking place in a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Lamu Old Town, the star of the festival is always the annual donkey race.

Similar to a marathon, anyone interested is allowed to participate in the donkey race, and many tourists fly in to compete. The race is quite competitive, as the winner usually earns a significant cash prize and a trip to Nairobi.

8. Kho Kho—India

Kho Kho Game in Haryana, Mester Jagels (Jasper van't Veen), CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The first mention of Kho Kho is believed to be in the about 2,000-year-old Indian Epic Mahabharata. The epic described how on the 13th day of the war, to break the impenetrable defense Chakravyuha, the hero Abhimanyu used tactics very close to ring play, the modern-day defense used in Kho Kho.

Kho Kho is a version of tag, where over two nine-minute innings teams take turns being both the chasers and defenders. The chasers work as a team to catch the defenders as quickly as possible. Whichever team catches the other in less time wins. Kho Kho had its first major tournament in 1996 with the Asian Kho Kho Championship in Kolkata.

9. Fierljeppen—The Netherlands

Fierljeppen in Linschoten, Peter van der Sluijs, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Fierljeppen, or “far leap” in Frisian, is the sport of canal jumping native to the province of Friesland in the Netherlands. An extreme alternative to traditional pole jumping, competitors use a large pole called a polsstok to launch themselves across a river. Presently, the Netherlands has over 600 registered jumpers. The current world record is 22.21 meters.

When Fierljeppen was first recorded in the 1200s, it was practiced not as a sport but rather as a method of transportation. The Netherlands had a lot of canals and very few bridges, meaning, if you wanted to cross the Netherlands, you’d have to use a pole to vault over the waterways. It wasn’t until 1767 that Fierljeppen was hosted as an official competition.

10. Arnis—The Philippines

Arnis International, Cisc1970, CC BY-NC 2.0 via wordpress.org

In 1521, the Spanish Ferdinand Magellan brought forces armed with muskets to colonize the Philippines. Armed with only bladed weapons, the Indigenous Filipino islanders defeated the conquistadors through the use of their native martial art Arnis.

Today, Arnis is the national martial art and sport of the Philippines. The most famous part of Arnis is its stick fighting competitions. There are two models of competition: the performance Anyo model, which judges you on choreography and grace, and the combat Leban model, which focuses on the number of hits landed on your opponent. In May 2023, for the first time outside of the Philippines, the Southeast Asian games in Cambodia are slated to include Arnis.

A Literary Pilgrimage: Colombia with Gabriel García Márquez

March 20, 2024

A travel itinerary for bibliophiles, Gabo fans and adventurers alike

Author Gabriel García Márquez, “Gabo,” as an older man. Sebástian Freire. CC BY-SA 2.0.

Author Gabriel García Márquez, affectionately nicknamed “Gabo,” put his native country of Colombia on the literary map through his novels and short stories.

Critics lauded his novel Love in The Time of Cholera, a tale of romance between social classes, as one of the best love stories of the 20th century. His work One Hundred Years of Solitude, a multi-generational novel about a family from an isolated town, is considered the Bible of magical realism, a genre that describes fantastical events in an otherwise realistic tone.

Adventurous travelers and bibliophiles alike can experience the magic and romance of Colombia through García Marquez's eyes with an itinerary based on his life and literature.

A colorful street scene in Cartagena’s historic center. Joe Ross. CC BY-SA 2.0.

1. Cartagena

In an interview with actor and filmmaker Salvatore Basile, García Márquez said, “I would say that I completed my education as a writer in Cartagena.” With that in mind, Caribbean-flanked Cartagena is the ideal place to begin your Gabo-inspired tour of Colombia.

García Márquez lived in Cartagena for a year as a young man and kept a winter house in the city as an older man. He sets much of Love in The Time of Cholera in Cartagena. During his time in Cartagena, he was known for lingering on the plazas, waiting for something interesting to happen.

To experience the city from Gabo’s perspective, people watch at the lush, lively Plaza Fernandez de Madrid and historic, central Plaza Bolivar. Grab a drink at El Coro, the upscale cocktail bar in The Sofitel Santa Clara hotel, which García Márquez frequented. Visit Gabo’s marble-clad final resting place at La Merced monastery on the University of Cartagena’s campus.

The orange-tinted cityscape of Barranquilla. Fernando Orozco. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

2. Barranquilla

Following Gabo’s footsteps, travel from Cartagena to Barranquilla, a seaport known as Colombia’s “Golden Gate" because here the Caribbean meets the country’s major Magdalena River. Gabo lived here in the 1950s while he worked as a journalist.

While living in Barranquilla, García Márquez was a part of the Barranquilla Group, a collection of writers, journalists and philosophers who met Barranquilla in the mid-twentieth century. In addition to García Márquez, notable members include Álvaro Cepeda Samudio, Germán Vargas and Alfonso Fuenmayor. Allegedly, Gabo’s relationship with these men inspired the characters of the “four friends of Macondo” in One Hundred Years of Solitude.

Connect with Gabo and his Barranquilla Group friends at La Cueva, a bar where the Barranquilla Group of writers and journalists met. It continues to serve as a hub of cultural activity, serving traditional food like Butifarra ceviche and Cashew rice, as well as supporting Colombian literary magazines. Tour the peach-colored church, Iglesia Nuestra Senora del Perpetuo Socorro, where Gabo married his wife Mercedes Barcha.

The Casa Museo Gabriel García Márquez, Gabo’s childhood home. Armando Calderón. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.

3. Aracataca

After connecting with García Márquez’s early days as a writer in Barranquilla and Cartagena, go back to where it all began in Aracataca: Gabo’s steamy, sleepy and tropical hometown. Gabo’s success put Aracataca on the map, rejuvenating the town as small groups of literary tourists trickled in to see where a genius grew up. You can meander through the white house and its verdant garden where García Márquez lived until he was eight, Casa Museo Gabriel García Márquez.

In addition to being the locale of Gabo’s childhood, Aracataca inspired Macondo, the setting for One Hundred Years of Solitude. Stop for a photo opportunity in front of Aracataca’s bright, multicolored welcome sign, which includes an equally vivid Macando welcome sign in smaller letters.

Walking the streets of La Candelaria neighborhood in Bogotá. Michael Barón. CC0.

4. Bogota

Conclude your tour of Gabo’s Colombia in mountainous Bogota. While not Gabo’s favorite city in Colombia, he called it “a remote, lugubrious city where an insomniac rain had been falling since the beginning of the sixteenth century” in his autobiography—it played a crucial role in his education.

García Márquez attended secondary school and earned a law degree in Bogota. He published his work in the city’s newspaper El Espectador. He also lived here temporarily with his wife later in his life, in the colonial neighborhood La Candelaria.

Learn more about his work and life at the Centro Cultural Gabriel García Márquez, a museum and hub of artistic activity in a circular building with its roof offering views of Bogota’s mountains and cityscape. Sip a coffee at Cafe Pasaje, an old-school coffee shop where Gabo allegedly had his java each day when he was a young journalist.

Annie O’Brien

Annie is a third-year student at George Washington University studying English, Creative Writing, and History. From Philadelphia, she is an avid reader, pop-culture enthusiast, and traveler. She’s always eager to talk about her adventures abroad and domestically, whether it's telling about the time she hitch-hiked in Bavaria or offering recommendations for the best bookstores in Key West. She hopes to become a published author one day. Enjoy more of her writing on her Substack.

Fairies and Folklore: The Magic of Scotland and England

March 12, 2024

From castles to coves, uncover destinations steeped in the mythological histories of Scotland and England.

Portree, Isle of Skye’s capital city. CC BY 3.0

Whether your knowledge of fairies comes from nostalgic childhood tales or the well-informed worldbuilding of Tolkein, much of the folklore that has made its way into the popular imagination is embedded deep within the rolling hills of Scotland and England.

While each country has its variations of the myth, taking a tour through the whimsical high grassed countryside and rocky shores is a great way to take in some awe-inspiring views and understand the magic embedded in these countries.

Scotland

Located off of Scotland's northwest coast, the Isle of Skye is full of picturesque villages, cliffed shores and quaint fishing towns. But rather than only enjoying the colorful coastal houses on Portree, the island's capital, extend your adventure and visit various sights around the island boasting mythical pedigrees.

Fairy Pools

A waterfall phenomenon in Glen Brittle, the falls are surrounded by sky-capped mountains and boast aqua-blue waters of astonishing clarity. Some claim if you’re lucky, you may spot a fae or two amongst the willowing grasses and purple flowers; if not, the red deer, sheep, and rabbits inhabiting the area will have to suffice.

The pool's name comes from the local legend that claims a Clan McLeod Chief married a fairy Princess. Additionally, the pools are said to attract selkies, a group of mythical creatures that spend the day on the coast as seals and then enjoy the pools at night after transitioning to human form.

Despite their charm, the Fairy Pools feature some brutally cold water temperatures, although it may be worthwhile to take a dip; as locals say, holding your head underwater for seven seconds is enough to bless you with the gift of eternal youth.

From the capital city of Portree, the Fairy Pools are a 35-minute drive and can be accessed through various tours operating on the island or of your own volition. The Fairy Pools walk is a 1.5-mile, easy hike to the pools from the parking lot.

Dunvegan Castle and Gardens

The Dunvegan Castle. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 DEED

Open from March 29 to October 15, the Dunvegan Castle and Gardens is a medieval fortress dating back to the 1200s. Occupied by the same family for the last 800 years, the Hebridean castle is home to a few pieces of myth. On the Dunvegan property, one can walk across Fairy Bridge while exploring the grounds and even see the Fairy Flag, which is housed in the Castle.

The Fairy Flag is the prized silk scarf woven in the 4th century AD, either in Syria or Rhodes, and is said to possess miraculous powers instrumental in MacLeod’s battle victories. While there are two points of origin, a fairy origin and a crusader origin, the Fairy Bridge and Tower versions give the flag roots in folklore.

The Fairy Tower myth tells the tale of a restless MacLeod chief’s baby who was comforted one night by a fairy. The Fairy Bridge myth relates to the previously mentioned story of the MacLeod Chief and Fairy Princess; the story goes that the two parted ways on Fairy Bridge at Dunvegan, and the banner was his gift.

An astounding horticultural destination, Dunvegan boasts multiple gardens and woodland trails. The landscape and fauna are a wonder unto themselves. The gardens also feature lily ponds, gazebos and rare artifacts, such as a 17th-century sundial.

Located a 30-minute drive from Portree, the castle makes for an excellent excursion when visiting Scotland. While the Dunvegan Castle and Gardens offers visitor tours daily and make for a great day trip, the property's five holiday cottages allow visitors to enjoy an enchanting multi-day stay on the secluded property.

Fairy Glen

Protruding from the surrounding farmlands, Fairy Glen is a geographical landscape formed by an ancient landslide. The craggy formations and valleys are blanketed by a lush layer of green and are rumored to be home to the fae.

Climbing up Fairy Glen’s peak or walking beneath the cover of moss-engulfed trees will make anyone feel like they are walking amongst the faeries. Be sure to stop and make a wish at the stone labyrinth when you are making your way through.

Fairy Glen is about a 25-minute drive from Portree, and various tours include this location as a stop. From the destination's parking lot there is a one-mile walking circuit that showcases the grounds, but feel free to adventure on your own and enjoy this majestic landscape.

England

On the rugged Southwestern tip of England, Cornwall is home to many of the country's mythical and folktales. Cornwall has its own variety of fairies, the Piskeys, a lively and mischievous people who originated from tales of a Pygmy race in Cornwall during the Neolithic period. More than just fairies, Cornwall is rumored to be home to mermaids, giants, and various King Arthur myths.

Sennen Cove

England’s most westerly beach, Sennen Cove, is a white sand beach renowned for its excellent surfing conditions. In the early 20th century, American Anthropologist Walter Evan Wentz published "The Fairy Faith In Celtic Countries", conducting some of his research at Sennen Cove by speaking to locals about the dancing fairies. A study published at a similar time in the Journal of the Society for Psychic Research tells the story of Grace Penrose as written by E. Westlake. She speaks of miniature people in white dancing in the moonlight before being frightened and disappearing into a rock face along the shore.

To get to Sennen Cove, visitors can take a bus that leaves every two hours from Penzance or make the 20-minute drive themselves. Once at the Cove, you can enjoy Whitesands Bay, the stretch of white sand beach on the Cove’s coast. Overlooking the cove, stop at the Old Success Inn, a pub dating back to the 17th century, for lunch and drink. The Inn has a rich history in Sennen Cove and is rumored to be a site for mermaid sightings.

Elusive in nature, when visiting Sennen Cove, you may not stumble upon any fairies in the moonlight or catch a glimpse of mermaid tales ducking under the blue waves, but the Cove is perfect for a beach getaway anyway.

St. Michael’s Mount

A tidal island in Cornwall’s Mount Bay, St. Michael’s Mount is home to one of England’s most famous legends. Rumors of mermaids luring sailors to the island’s shores date as far back as 495 AD, but even more prominent is the Cornish tale of Jack the Giant Killer. With the island as his home, the evil Cormoran was defeated by none other than Jack after a long reign of terror. Per the legend, when visiting, be sure to hike up the mountain and around the island in search of the giant's missing stone heart.

Outside of folklore, the site is also a religious destination. Archangel Michael was rumored to have guided sailors to safety at the current location of the castle’s entry. Named after that patron saint of fishermen, St. Michael’s causeway allows travelers and pilgrims alike to walk from the mainland to the island during low tide.

To reach the island, walking over the causeway is one option; however, if it happens to be high tide, from March 29 to October 31 there are boats running from Marazion Beach to the island. Riddled with history, the castle, church and surrounding gardens offer a fusion of folk and faith, making Mount St. Michael a beautiful, enchanting destination on a Celtic fairytale tour.

Nicola is studying English Literature at George Washington University, where she also reports for the student newspaper, The Hatchet. Nicola's passion for literature and writing has sparked an interest in exploring the broader context surrounding written texts. Researching and writing for Catalyst Planet allows her to investigate nuanced issues that intersect with her interests in art history, culinary practices, and cultural traditions. Nicola is studying English Literature at George Washington University, where she also reports for the student newspaper, The Hatchet. Nicola's passion for literature and writing has sparked an interest in exploring the broader context surrounding written texts. Researching and writing for Catalyst Planet allows her to investigate nuanced issues that intersect with her interests in art history, culinary practices, and cultural traditions.

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With over 70% of the Earth covered by water, it’s only logical for the planet’s greatest beauty to lie beneath the waves. Raja Ampat holds a special place in the hearts of divers and naturalists alike.

Northern Raja Ampat

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Raja Ampat’s natural beauty belies political and economic trouble.

From Senegal to Southeast Asia, here are lesser-known sports entrenched in cultural traditions.

1. Stickball—Native American Nations

2. Hurling—Ireland

3. Capoeira—Brazil

4. Kabaddi—South Asia

5. Senegalese Wrestling—Senegal

6. Sepak Takraw—Southeast Asia

7. Donkey Racing—Kenya

8. Kho Kho—India

9. Fierljeppen—The Netherlands

10. Arnis—The Philippines

RELATED CONTENT:

A travel itinerary for bibliophiles, Gabo fans and adventurers alike

1. Cartagena

2. Barranquilla

3. Aracataca

4. Bogota

From castles to coves, uncover destinations steeped in the mythological histories of Scotland and England.

Scotland

Fairy Pools

Dunvegan Castle and Gardens

Fairy Glen

England

Sennen Cove

St. Michael’s Mount